About this Author
Gwen Smith Ishmael, Sr. Vice President of Insights and Innovation at Decision Analyst in Arlington, TX, has led marketing and new product development activities in the CPG and technology industries since 1986. She also conceived and developed ground-breaking Web-based promotional vehicles, two of which are patent pending. Gwen holds an MBA in Marketing and is a featured speaker on insights and innovation around the world. Her writings have been featured in international text books, most recently in Managing 4 Ps of Marketing FMCG Sector, and Product Innovation: A Strategic Tool for Growth, by ICFAI Publications, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Founding Author
Renee Hopkins Callahan started IdeaFlow and serves as chief blog-wrangler. She is Director of Innovation Services at Decision Analyst in Arlington, Texas, is a former journalist who worked as an editor and reporter for The Dallas Morning News and the Nashville Tennessean, and was managing editor of D, the Dallas city magazine. She has a master's degree in rhetoric and has also taught college-level English and informal logic.
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Monthly Archives
January 26, 2006
Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
Part 4 of a four-part series from the paper Looking for Ideas in All the Wrong Places, An Argument for Staying in the Box, by Gwen Smith Ishmael and Renee Hopkins Callahan
What Goes Inside The Box?
The Fuzzy Front End should not be the place where go/no go decisions are made about ideas. But it can provide an environment where more viable ideas are generated. And, we would argue, the best way to provide that environment is to utilize the power of working inside rather than outside the box – power that comes from the very parameters, or constraints, the box provides.
There are no hard and fast rules about what the parameters of the box should be, but there are some things that might make sense to have in the box as constraints. For example, mission and vision statements provide excellent, high-level parameters for generating ideas. In order for an idea to have a chance of being successful, it should support the overall mission of the company and its vision.
Strategic imperatives represent the things your company simply must do – they are table stakes. For example, if your company provides local business information to consumers, then it is essential for that information to be accurate and timely. Strategic imperatives can offer solid boundaries within which to develop actionable, relevant ideas.
In order for an idea to be successful, it should support whatever it is you want say about your company, both internally and externally. So brand strategy and branding attributes might be important constraints to place in the box.
Any metrics that will be used to evaluate your performance and that of your team should be considered when building the box. And any other facts that are relevant to the success of an idea, such as the competitive environment, regulatory issues, and resource constraints, might serve as valuable guidelines for generating unique ideas that might meet the needs of the business.
Bringing Others Into The Box
Here’s a common assumption made in the Fuzzy Front End: “The best people in the industry work for us. They’ll be a great source of ideas.” But as Henry Chesbrough, author of Open Innovation, points out:
• Not all of the smart people in the industry work for you.
• No one has a monopoly on useful knowledge.
• Good ideas are widely distributed.
In other words, it’s best not to be the only one in the box; invite others in, such as industry and subject matter experts, lead users, mainstream customers, and consumers who are not your customers.
We’ve found it’s best to be highly selective about who you invite into your box. Involve subject matter and industry experts who embrace collaborative and mutually beneficial relationships. And invite customers and consumers to participate who are articulate and able to contribute new, far-reaching ideas that stimulate your own thinking.
Benefits Beyond The Fuzzy Front End
We mentioned that staying in the box is an approach that can benefit the entire development process. Because the structure of the box is based on business needs and constraints, the ideas generated inside the box would be influenced by those same things. As a result, the ideas generated inside the box should be more actionable and relevant to the business than if they had been generated outside the box.
If the ideas that move from the Fuzzy Front End into the next stage of development are more actionable and relevant, that should reduce the need for screening, filtering, and assessing a large number of low quality ideas that don’t meet the needs of the business. This means fewer resources could be allocated to the development process. Additionally, if we assume that the initial ideas address the needs of the business, we should see an increase in the number of ideas that could be brought to market successfully.
Is There A Time To Work Out-Of-The-Box?
We have found that out-of-the-box thinking has its place, and it can add value to the development process, especially in situations where novelty in and of itself is the primary goal. Additionally, there is some value in beginning the idea generation process with few constraints in order to lower inhibitions and barriers, particularly in a group setting.
But more often than not, there will always be some “box” (either spoken or unspoken) to operate within. Once out-of-the-box thinking has served its kick-starting purpose, novelty by itself will be insufficient. Perhaps Dr. de Bono summed it up best when he said: “[To have true value,] the creative idea must make sense and must work.” We would say, the goal of the Fuzzy Front End is to create ideas that are highly innovative yet make sense and will work within your product development process. And the best way to do this is to stay in the box.
PREVIOUSLY:
Part 1, Introduction
Part 2, The Goal of the Fuzzy Front End
Part 3, Why Staying In The Box Is A Good Thing
[Technorati Tags: innovation ideas creativity new product development]
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Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
Part 3 of a four-part series from the paper Looking for Ideas in All the Wrong Places, An Argument for Staying in the Box, by Gwen Smith Ishmael and Renee Hopkins Callahan
Why Staying In The Box Is A Good Thing
Although staying in the box is not a widely used approach, it certainly is a highly respected one. One of the world’s leading experts on creative thinking had this to say about idea generation as many of us might define it:
“There are far too many practitioners out there who believe that creativity is just brainstorming and being free to suggest crazy ideas. Creative thinking is different from normal thinking. It is not just normal thinking that is more free.
“...If we suspend judgment, feel innocent and childlike, and try to use the right side of the brain, should we not then be creative? We will certainly be more creative than before, but not very much more. We will be able to use our natural creativity. Unfortunately, natural creativity is not very powerful.
“It is not enough to be innocent and uninhibited and to have a creative attitude. The normal behavior of the brain in perception is to set up routine patterns and to follow these. In order to cut across patterns we can use deliberate techniques ... These techniques can be learned, practiced, and used deliberately.”
Serious Creativity, Dr. Edward de Bono
Creativity Inside The Box
As Dr. de Bono states, we will be creative, at least to a degree, if we allow ourselves free reign to come up with whatever sounds unique and original. In this way we will usually come up with a few new and innovative ideas. But by staying in the box, we force our brains to acknowledge reality, and we dig down beyond the obvious. In this way, we will come up with greater numbers of ideas, and these ideas will be not only new and innovative, they will also be more likely to work within our reality.
When we venture outside the box, the lack of constraints actually can work to our detriment. If we are given permission to wander and ignore the constraints of the business, the result can be lots of ideas that span a very broad range, but that are shallow and not highly actionable.
In the past few years, TLC’s Trading Spaces has been one of the most popular reality shows in America. What was it that made the show so irresistible to viewers? Was it the creativity of the designs or the drastic nature of the makeovers? In part, yes. But if those were the only reasons, why weren’t shows such as Designing for the Sexes or Homes Across America just as popular?
What truly set Trading Spaces apart was the fact that every one of those amazing transformations was the result of creative thinking that took place inside a well-defined box:
1. The design budget was held to $1,000.
2. The timeframe in which to create the new look was limited to two days.
3. The work was done by one designer, one carpenter, and two homeowners.
Because the teams were forced to work within the constraints of budget, time, and resources, their designs were much more innovative than if they had been allowed the freedom to change the shape of the box, or ignore it altogether. Do you really think we would have seen chandeliers made of tree branches sprayed with silver paint and wrapped with Christmas tree lights if the homeowners had been given larger budgets?
MasterCard represents another example of creativity inside the box. For a good portion of the 1990s, Visa was the undisputed leader in the credit card industry, in large part due to its “And They Don’t Take American Express” campaign. The ads were designed to appeal to consumers’ desires to experience the best in life, to reach a level of achievement beyond that which most people could ever hope to enjoy – sort of a “you-are-what-you-buy” position.
MasterCard, on the other hand, had launched five different advertising campaigns within a decade, none of which had provided the brand with anything it could claim as its own. So, the company took a step back and examined the box in which it lived. Then, it created a campaign that built on the virtues of that box – the “Priceless” campaign.
Rather than positioning itself as the card that could give people the lifestyles of the rich and famous, it focused on enhancing the quality of consumers’ every day lives. The company’s 2004 annual report refers to the positioning as “the better way to pay for everything that matters.” As a result, there were 16,700,000,000 MasterCard transactions around the world in 2004, growth to which the company attributes in large part to its “Priceless” campaign.
PREVIOUSLY:
Part 1, Introduction
Part 2, The Goal of the Fuzzy Front End
NEXT: Part 4, What Goes Inside the Box
[Technorati Tags: innovation ideas creativity new product development]
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Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
Part 2 of a four-part series from the paper Looking for Ideas in All the Wrong Places, An Argument for Staying in the Box, by Gwen Smith Ishmael and Renee Hopkins Callahan
The Goal of the Fuzzy Front End
When working in the Fuzzy Front End, it’s not uncommon to set a goal of generating as many unusual, original ideas as possible. Most often, people seek to meet this objective by “thinking outside the box” – by ignoring business boundaries that typically are considered to be immovable and unbreakable.
Consider the following challenge: Using a crayon, connect the nine dots shown in the following image with as few continuous lines as possible.
The second illustration demonstrates how the problem can be solved if one is allowed literally to go outside the boundaries of the box:
The third illustration shows that another way to connect the nine dots with even fewer continuous lines is to change the shape of the box altogether – to totally alter the boundaries that define the box:
The fourth illustration shows that yet another way to connect the nine dots with the fewest number of lines possible is to stay inside the box – to acknowledge the boundaries of the box and see them as enablers rather than inhibitors. By peeling the wrapper off the crayon, turning it sideways, and swiping the crayon down over the nine dots, the result is that all nine dots are connected with a single line, without changing the shape of the box, nor going outside its parameters:
How is the nine-dot exercise relevant to those of us who are responsible for working in the Fuzzy Front End? Well, it certainly shows that unique and innovative solutions can be generated if one is allowed to think outside the box and/or to change the box altogether. But in the real world, we seldom have the luxury of being able to ignore the parameters of the business – the box. And often, if we try to generate new and original ideas by disregarding the environment in which we operate, those ideas turn out to be useless when it comes to developing new products and services.
So, as counterintuitive as this may seem, perhaps the objective when working in the Fuzzy Front End is not to generate as many original ideas as possible. Perhaps the true goal should be to generate a large number of unique ideas that are relevant and actionable – ideas that can be successfully used to meet the needs of the business.
PREVIOUSLY: Part 1, Introduction
NEXT: Part 3, Why Staying In The Box is a Good Thing
[Technorati Tags: innovation ideas creativity new product development]
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January 25, 2006
Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
Part 1 of a four-part series from the paper Looking for Ideas in All the Wrong Places, An Argument for Staying in the Box, by Gwen Smith Ishmael and Renee Hopkins Callahan
 Many issues are still debated when it comes to new product innovation, but fortunately marketers and product developers seem to have stopped debating the issue of whether or not it’s important to keep the product and service development pipelines full. This is critically important. Study after study has demonstrated that new product and service success is relatively rare, such as the London Dun and Bradstreet study in which the accompanying chart was found. As the chart indicates, for every profitable new product, there are approximately sixty ideas or concepts that do not make it to market successfully.
Much has been said regarding the importance of having a structured, repeatable process for new product and service development. Experts such as Dr. Robert Cooper and his colleagues have spent countless hours laboring on defining exactly what such a development process should look like, resulting in charts now familiar to many new product developers.
Yet even Dr. Cooper has stated,
“Don’t expect a well-oiled new product process to make up for a shortage of quality ideas: if the idea was mundane to start with, don’t count on your process turning it into a star!” Optimizing the Stage-Gate Process. What Best Practice Companies are Doing – Part 1, Cooper, R., Edgett, S., Kleinschmidt, E., 2002
So while there’s not much debate that success in the Idea Stage, or the Fuzzy Front End as it’s often called, is critical to the success of a new product development and innovation program, there’s still a great deal of discussion about why the Fuzzy Front End is such a challenging part of the product or service development process. Perhaps this is because, unlike other portions of the development process, more time has been spent in this sort of discussion compared to the relatively small amount of time that has been spent defining how to make the Fuzzy Front End more efficient and productive. Or perhaps it’s because of the still-pervasive notion that ideas are just supposed to “appear” from customers, or employees, or from some corporate initiative encouraging people to be creative and innovative.
It’s our experience that it is possible to structure the Fuzzy Front End in such a way that it not only produces innovative results, but that those results can positively affect the entire development process.
NEXT: Part 2, The Goal of the Fuzzy Front End
[Technorati Tags: innovation ideas creativity new product development]
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January 24, 2006
Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
My colleague Gwen Ishmael and I have written a new white paper: Looking For Ideas In All The Wrong Places: An Argument for Staying in the Box. In a nutshell, this paper shares our learnings about how to go about putting good, actionable ideas into your pipeline so your entire new product or service development process can work more efficiently.
In this paper, what we're saying is you have to put some thought into how and where you look for ideas. It's not enough to have creative ideas, if those ideas are wildly richocheting off the ceiling and walls and are so far out they can't be developed into the products, services and/or processes you need. Nor is it enough to build a well-thought-out innovation or product development process, if that process starts with "Let's brainstorm to get some ideas" or "We don't need to look outside our company for ideas, we can come up with all we need on our own."
Your innovation process shouldn't start at the moment ideas are introduced into the pipeline -- it should start with where and how those ideas are created in the first place. We talk about how in "Looking For Ideas In All the Wrong Places." I'll run excerpts from this paper here for the rest of the week, but if you want to see the whole thing at once, here's a link to the PDF.
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January 12, 2006
Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
Here's a story about a person exhibiting true creativity in the workplace: My 17-year-old daughter Laura wanted to get a nose ring and needed me to go with her, as she was underage. I was OK with this (my line in this particular instance was drawn at lip piercings and tattoos), and so we agreed to meet at a reputable tattoo parlor in Dallas' Deep Ellum neighborhood.
Once there I was faced with the unexpected problem of proving to the shop's proprietor that this was actually my daughter. It hadn't occurred to me to bring her birth certificate! And drivers' licenses were no help -- we don't have the same last name, and the same address proves nothing. It turns out that many tattoo places don't really like piercing and tattooing minors, parental permission or no -- they can get into too much trouble with the health department to make it worthwhile. So the proprietor seized the opportunity to refer us down the street (lots of tattoo shops in this neighborhood!).
It was the same story at the shop down the street. Just as Laura was about to break down in tears, though, the proprietor of the second shop offered a solution.
"Do you have cell phones?" he asked. "Good. You," he said, pointing to Laura, "show me the listing in your phone's address book that says 'Mom.' Now, call that number and if her" -- pointing to me -- cell phone rings, you're getting your nose pierced!"
On a slightly different note -- while waiting for Laura, my husband and I browsed the tattoo designs and got into a long discussion about Chinese character tattoos. We agreed that it would be silly to get a word tattoo in a language you didn't know. What if the tattoo shop was wrong?! What if the Chinese character they said meant "sexy" really meant "dumbass"?!!
So today I was delighted to run across an NPR interview with Tian Tang, whose Hanzi Smatter blog tracks misuse of Chinese characters in Western culture, mostly in tattoos. Here's an AP article on Tian Tang as well.
Those of you in marketing and branding should take a look at Hanzi Smatter -- interspersed among the photos and stories of tattoos gone wrong are a few stories like this one, about a wall hanging with the Chinese character for "tranquility" seen for sale at a Bed Bath and Beyond store. According to Tian Tang, the character actually "has many meanings including 'catch; receive; suffer', 'to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding"' and 'plan; settlement; to wear', but none of them means 'tranquility'."
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January 11, 2006
Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
My long-time friend and former IdeaFlow contributor Joyce Wycoff of the Innovation Network is one of the most innovative people I know! Joyce always has a new idea for getting people together and stimulating new ideas and discussions. I introduced her to blogging and she has started many blogs since -- numbering into the double digits! many of them are project-related blogs, which is an excellent use of the collaborative creative process blogging can facilitate.
Joyce's newest blog is one for her new Innovation Book Club for 2006. I think this is a great idea and plan to participate myself. Here's Joyce's description of the book club: "Out of a list of 90 best-selling books related to innovation, twelve were chosen by a group of avid readers and innovation practitioners as the must-read list for 2006. It was a difficult choice but these special books were chosen for their ability to stimulate thought and offer practical tools and techniques to help make participants more productive advocates and leaders of innovation."
Via the blog and emails, book club members will have access to reviews, Q&A sessions with the authors, weekly emails with insights and highlights from the books, and readers' guides that will offer great discussion questions to help you integrate the book content with your specific situation. Also participants will be able to make comments via the blog.
There are two ways to participate: You can join the book club today and start organizing your own discussion group ... or just participate in the online discussion. There are pricing options for both. For more information on how to join and fee options, go to http://thinksmart.com/library/bookclub.html
Here's the list of books for 2006:
January: The Ten Faces of Innovation by Tom Kelley, IDEO; or
Alternative January Selection: Dealing with Darwin: How Great Companies Innovate at Every Phase of their Evolution by Geoffrey A. Moore
February: How Breakthroughs Happen, the Surprising Truth about How Companies Innovate by Andrew Hargadon, Associate Professor of Management, University of California, Davis
March: Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne
April: The Leader’s Guide to Storytelling, Mastering the Art and Discipline of Business Narrative by Stephen Denning
May: The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell
June: Let My People Go Surfing: The Education of a Reluctant Businessman by Yvon Chouinard
July: Punished by Rewards, the Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A’s, Praise, and Other Bribes by Alfie Kohn
August: The Medici Effect: Breakthrough Insights at the Intersection of Ideas, Concepts & Cultures by Frans Johansson
September: The Art of Possibility by Benjamin and Rosemund Zander
October: Making Innovation Work ... How to Manage It, Measure It, and Profit from It by Davila, Epstein, Shelton
November: How to Think Like Leonardo DaVinci by Michael Gelb
December: Creativity at Work, Developing the Right Practices to Make Innovation Happen by Jeff DeGraff and Katherine Lawrence
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January 3, 2006
Posted by Renee Hopkins Callahan
Happy New Year! Steve Dahlberg of the Creative Education Foundation asked me to post their call for leaders/presenters for 52nd International Creative Problem Solving Institute "(CPSI) 2006, to be held June 25 to 30, 2006, in Chicago. Deadline for proposals is January 15. More information can be had online at the CPSI Leader/Presenter FAQ.
Here are the published guidelines:
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR CPSI LEADERSHIP AND PRESENTING:
* As CPSI leaders/presenters, we recognize that leadership is more than planning, organizing and facilitating. It's the ability to inspire others and to create experiences that enable them to grow and learn on their way to achieving objectives.
* As CPSI leaders/presenters, we understand the power of Creative Problem Solving, Applied Imagination, and creative thinking. We know that CPSI is more than the Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving process. Yet this process continues to evolve and provides a sound, ongoing foundation for - and a link between - all our programs and other creativity concepts.
* As CPSI leaders/presenters, we are primarily customer-oriented, keeping in mind the needs, desires and concerns of our participants. This includes having a global perspective and appreciating and addressing the requirements of a multi-cultural community.
* As CPSI leaders/presenters, we stay current on the trends and developments in creativity, innovation and imagination, demonstrating a continuing ability to improve, enhance, innovate and re-invent.
* As leaders/presenters, we "walk the talk," modeling creativity values in words and actions.
* As CPSI leaders/presenters, we work effectively in teams.
* As CPSI leaders/presenters, we believe in CPSI and spread the word, inviting new participants to benefit from the CPSI experience.
* As CPSI leaders/presenters, we're willing and able to go the extra mile to contribute to the health and growth of the Creative Education Foundation.
If you are willing to lead/present in the spirit of these guidelines, please complete our online form for proposals and program leadership at: http://www.cpsiconference.com/proposal.cfm
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